Multicasting using VLC Media Player.

The VLC media player can be used as a multimedia client as well as a server.We will see how it can be used to act as a streaming server with multicasting.

I have used the version 0.8.6b of VLC Media Player.

1.Install the vlc media player after downloading from the net.The URL for downloading is this.

2.Start the VLC player and Click :Open Network Stream"


3.In the window select the UDP/RTP Multicast and then give any Multicast IP address in the range 239.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.254 .I have given IP address 239.255.2.1 keep the port 1234 as it is.The url will automatically get created in the customize field


4.Select the Stream/Save under Advanced Options and click on Settings


5.In the settings window which will pop up select UDP again and give the same Multicast address(239.255.2.1).The target field will automatically get filled by necessary options.

6.Select the Audio codec if you would like to stream the audio also.

7.Keep the TTL field to 3 if you have routers in your network for the safer side.If you are in LAN environment then you can keep the value as 1.


8.Then click on Ok.

9.Select the Caching option


10.Then go to File tab and click on Browse button.Select the files you would like to stream.I have selected the wmv files.





11.Then click on Ok.This will start your streaming server and you will see the progress.



12.You can see the streaming information by going to View>> Stream and Media Info


13.This will show the streaming info.


This completes the configuration of Streaming server.Now we will see the client connection.For that we will first check the connection on the same machine

14.Open another instance of VLC media player and go to Open Network Stream


15.Select the UDP/RTP Multicast and give the same address which we have given for the sever 239.255.2.1 and select the Caching and then click ok.


16.Now you will be able to see the video which has been streamed from the streaming server.You can open the connections on other clients also by following steps 14 and 15.



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Some sites which will fill your bore day with a good humour

Parody of signs used by US govt
http://www.safenow.org/

All Murphy's laws at one place
http://www.murphys-laws.com

Funny videos,pictures
http://www.boreme.com/

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HSRP(Hot Standby Routing Protocol) is mainly used in networks for keeping the redundant gateways.Its a Cisco Proprietary protocol.In this article we will discuss implementation of HSRP in a network.We have used GNS for the simulation.The router used was c3600 and the IOS image is c3640-jk9s-mz.124-16.bin.



Here in the diagram we have taken 2 Distribution layer switches (DS1, DS2)and 2 Access layer switches(AS1, AS2).
We have taken 2 routers and will use them as PC's(PC1, PC2).
We will use the routers as switches and pc's.
On routers (DS1,DS2,AS1,AS2)we have inserted NM16-ESW card in the slot and on routers(PC1,PC2) we have inserted NM-1E card.

The connections are as follows
DS1-->DS2 = F0/0--F0/0
DS2-->AS2 = F0/1--F0/0
DS1-->AS1 = F0/1--F0/0
DS2-->AS1 = F0/2--F0/1
DS1-->AS2 = F0/2--F0/1
AS2-->PC2 = F0/2--E0/0
AS1-->PC1 = F0/2--E0/0


First we have to create vlans by giving vlan database command

----------------------------------------------------------
DS1#vlan database
DS1(vlan)#vlan 10
VLAN 10 added:
Name: VLAN0010
DS1(vlan)#vlan 20
VLAN 20 added:
Name: VLAN0020
DS1(vlan)#vlan 30
VLAN 30 added:
Name: VLAN0030
DS1(vlan)#no vlan 2
Deleting VLAN 2...
DS1(vlan)#exit
DS1(vlan)#exit
APPLY completed.
Exiting....
DS1#
------------------------------------------------------------

We have to also define the VTP properties like VTP domain and VTP modes on the 2 Distribution switches.We will give following commands for the same.

------------------------------------------------------------
DS1(vlan)#vtp domain test
Changing VTP domain name from NULL to test
DS1(vlan)#vtp server
Device mode already VTP SERVER.
DS1(vlan)#vtp v2-mode
V2 mode enabled.
DS1(vlan)#exit
APPLY completed.
Exiting....
DS1#

-------------------------------------------------------------

We have to give exit command after making the necessary changes to apply them on the router otherwise the configuration will not be saved.

On DS2 we will configure the VTP Domain as test and mode as client

--------------------------------------------------------------
DS2#vlan database
DS2(vlan)#vtp Domain test
Changing VTP domain name from NULL to test
DS2(vlan)#vtp v2-mode
V2 mode enabled.
DS2(vlan)#vtp client
Setting device to VTP CLIENT mode.
DS2(vlan)#exit
In CLIENT state, no apply attempted.
Exiting....
DS2#

--------------------------------------------------------------

Then we have to make the interface fast 0/0 as a trunk interface





--------------------------------------------------------------
DS1(config)#int fast 0/0
DS1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
DS1(config-if)#switchport
*Mar 1 00:11:22.043: %DTP-5-TRUNKPORTON: Port Fa0/0 has become dot1q trunk
*Mar 1 00:11:22.547: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan10, c
anged state to up
*Mar 1 00:11:22.559: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan20, c
anged state to up
*Mar 1 00:11:22.571: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan30, c
anged state to uptr
DS1(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan add 10,20,30

DS2(config)#int fastEthernet 0/0
DS2(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
*Mar 1 00:12:40.991: %DTP-5-TRUNKPORTON: Port Fa0/0 has become dot1q trunk
DS2(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan add 10,20,30

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Here, we can see that the trunk port has been set and is propagating VLAN information

We will confirm the vlans created on both the switches by giving below command

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

DS1#sh vlan-switch

VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa0/0, Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3
Fa0/4, Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7
Fa0/8, Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11
Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15
10 VLAN0010 active
20 VLAN0020 active
30 VLAN0030 active
1002 fddi-default active
1003 trcrf-default active
1004 fddinet-default active
1005 trbrf-default active

-----------------output omitted----------------------------------------------

DS2#sh vlan-switch

VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4
Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8
Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12
Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15
10 VLAN0010 active
20 VLAN0020 active
30 VLAN0030 active
1002 fddi-default active
1003 trcrf-default active
1004 fddinet-default active
1005 trbrf-default active

----------------output omitted-------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Then, we have to start configuring the VLAN interface


-------------------------------------------------------------------
DS1#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL
DS1(config)#int vlan 10
DS1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.252 255.255.255.0
DS1(config-if)#no shutdown
DS1(config-if)#int vlan 20
DS1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.20.252 255.255.255.0
DS1(config-if)#no shut
DS1(config-if)#int vlan 30
DS1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.30.252 255.255.255.0
DS1(config-if)#no shut


DS2(config)#int vlan 10
DS2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.253 255.255.255.0
*Mar 1 00:15:51.011: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan10, ch
anged state to up
DS2(config-if)#no shut
DS2(config-if)#int vlan 20
DS2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.20.253 255.255.255.0
*Mar 1 00:16:17.335: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan20, ch
anged state to up
DS2(config-if)#no shut
DS2(config-if)#int vlan 30
DS2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.30.253 255.255.255.0
*Mar 1 00:16:34.835: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan30, ch
anged state to up
DS2(config-if)#no shut
DS2(config-if)#

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

After completing this basic config we can start configuration of HSRP by giving following commands.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DS1(config)#int vlan 10
DS1(config-if)#standby 100 ip 192.168.10.254
DS1(config-if)#standby 100 priority 110
*Mar 1 00:23:00.071: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: Vlan10 Grp 100 state Speak -> Standby
*Mar 1 00:23:00.571: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: Vlan10 Grp 100 state Standby -> Active
DS1(config-if)#int vlan 20
DS1(config-if)#standby 100 ip 192.168.20.254
DS1(config-if)#standby 100 priority 110
*Mar 1 00:23:22.835: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: Vlan20 Grp 100 state Speak -> Standby
*Mar 1 00:23:23.335: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: Vlan20 Grp 100 state Standby -> Active
DS1(config-if)#int vlan 30
DS1(config-if)#standby 100 ip 192.168.30.254
DS1(config-if)#standby 100 priority 110
DS1(config-if)#
*Mar 1 00:24:03.455: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: Vlan30 Grp 100 state Speak -> Standby
*Mar 1 00:24:03.955: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: Vlan30 Grp 100 state Standby -> Active

DS2(config-if)#int vlan 10
DS2(config-if)#standby 100 ip 192.168.10.254
*Mar 1 00:25:45.991: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: Vlan10 Grp 100 state Speak -> Standby
DS2(config-if)#int vlan 20
DS2(config-if)#standby ip 192.168.20.254
*Mar 1 00:26:21.543: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: Vlan20 Grp 0 state Speak -> Standby
DS2(config)#int vlan 30
DS2(config-if)#standby 100 ip 192.168.30.254
*Mar 1 00:26:41.531: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: Vlan30 Grp 100 state Speak -> Standby

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

We could have done this configuration in the earlier section also but made it here for the simplicity.

We have configured the group 100 for the HSRP and given the addresses as x.x.x.254 which will serve as a virtual IP for the gateway.

Here,we can see that the states for the respective groups are getting shifted from Speak to Standby and then from Standby to Active on DS1 switch.And on DS2 group remains in standby state as we have configured the priority 110 on the DS1 switch which is above 100(default for HSRP).When the DS2 sees that there is higher priority available then it throws the role of being Active.

If the DS1 will get rebooted or shutdown then the Active role will get shifted to DS2.

Now we will move further and make configurations for Access layer switches AS1 and AS2.

We will make interfaces of these switches as Trunk interfaces.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DS1(config)#int fast 0/2
DS1(config-if)#sw mode trunk
*Mar 1 00:03:04.347: %DTP-5-TRUNKPORTON: Port Fa0/2 has become dot1q trunkall
DS1(config-if)#sw trunk allowed vlan add 10,20,30

DS1(config-if)#int fast 0/1
DS1(config-if)#sw mode trunk
*Mar 1 00:11:37.119: %DTP-5-TRUNKPORTON: Port Fa0/1 has become dot1q trunk
DS1(config-if)#sw trunk allowed vlan add 10,20,30

DS2(config)#int fast 0/2
DS2(config-if)#sw mode trunk
*Mar 1 00:03:25.231: %DTP-5-TRUNKPORTON: Port Fa0/2 has become dot1q trunk
DS2(config-if)#sw trunk allowed vlan add 10,20,30

DS2(config)#int fast 0/1
DS2(config-if)#sw mode trunk
*Mar 1 00:16:26.003: %DTP-5-TRUNKPORTON: Port Fa0/1 has become dot1q trunk
DS2(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan add 10,20,30


AS2(config)#int fast 0/0
AS2(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
*Mar 1 00:08:07.951: %DTP-5-TRUNKPORTON: Port Fa0/0 has become dot1q trunk
AS2(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan add 10,20,30
AS2(config-if)#int fast 0/1
AS2(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
*Mar 1 00:08:35.931: %DTP-5-TRUNKPORTON: Port Fa0/1 has become dot1q trunktru
AS2(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan add 10,20,30


AS1(config)#int fast 0/1
AS1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
*Mar 1 00:09:27.935: %DTP-5-TRUNKPORTON: Port Fa0/1 has become dot1q trunktru
AS1(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan add 10,20,30
AS1(config-if)#int fast 0/0
AS1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
*Mar 1 00:10:13.967: %DTP-5-TRUNKPORTON: Port Fa0/0 has become dot1q trunkallo
AS1(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan add 10,20,30

---------------------------------------------------------------------

We have to configure the VTP parameters on these switches also.






---------------------------------------------------------------

AS1#vlan database
AS1(vlan)#vtp domain test
Changing VTP domain name from NULL to test
AS1(vlan)#vtp v2-mode
V2 mode enabled.
AS1(vlan)#vtp client
Setting device to VTP CLIENT mode.
AS1(vlan)#exit
In CLIENT state, no apply attempted.
Exiting....
AS1#

AS2#vlan database
AS2(vlan)#vtp domain test
Changing VTP domain name from NULL to test
AS2(vlan)#vtp v2-mode
V2 mode enabled.
AS2(vlan)#vtp client
Setting device to VTP CLIENT mode.
AS2(vlan)#exit
In CLIENT state, no apply attempted.
Exiting....
AS2#

------------------------------------------------------------------
Now we will make the ports attached to PC1 and PC2 as switched ports.

------------------------------------------------------------------
AS2(config)#int fast 0/2
AS2(config-if)#sw mode access
AS2(config-if)#sw access vlan 10


AS1(config)#int fast 0/2
AS1(config-if)#sw mode access
AS1(config-if)#sw access vlan 20

-------------------------------------------------------------------
Now we will configure the IP address to PC1 and PC2 by giving below commands

----------------------------------------------------------------------
PC2(config)#int ethernet 0/0
PC2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.100 255.255.255.0
PC2(config-if)#no shut

PC1(config)#int ethernet 0/0
PC1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.20.100 255.255.255.0
PC1(config-if)#no shut

---------------------------------------------------------------------
Now if we check by pinging the gateway then it will do it but not to other machines in the network.

PC2#ping 192.168.10.254
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.10.254, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 16/64/144 ms
PC2#ping 192.168.20.254

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.20.254, timeout is 2 seconds:
.....
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)
PC2#

---------------------------------------------------------------------

PC1#ping 192.168.20.254

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.20.254, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 20/53/100 ms
PC1#ping 192.168.10.254

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.10.254, timeout is 2 seconds:
PC1#ping 192.168.10.254

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.10.254, timeout is 2 seconds:
.....
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)
PC1#
------------------------------------------------------------------------


It will able to ping to its gateway and for that we need to configure the default gateway on the PC! and PC2 as below.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
PC2(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.10.254
PC2(config)#exit

PC1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.20.254
PC1(config)#exit

---------------------------------------------------------------------
PC2#ping 192.168.20.254

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.20.254, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/53/144 ms
PC2#ping 192.168.10.254

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.10.254, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 12/72/132 ms
PC2#

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

PC1#ping 192.168.10.254

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.10.254, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 20/74/192 ms
PC1#ping 192.168.20.254

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.20.254, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!.!
Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 44/134/192 ms
PC1#


Here completes the HSRP configuration.There are many options which we can configure in HSRP like preempt, Interface tracking etc.I will try to cover it in next parts.



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Here is a good link which explains why IT certifications are important and how experience will not help only over a longer period.Although the focus is manly on networking certifications it applies to all the IT certifications.
The article is in three parts.
Part1,
Part 2,
Part3


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Here I am posting some URL's which are relevant to Cisco products and services.

This is the URL for the acquisitions made by Cisco from 1993 onwards.

Heinz Ulm's collection of undocumented commands.This is the collection of some undocumented commands you can use on Cisco IOS.

This is a good forum for networking folks.




Links available from Dallas / Fort Worth Cisco users Group.This is a Cisco Users Group based in Dallas.

20 useful sites for networking professionals.Networkworld has given a list of 20 useful sites for the networking professionals worldwide.The URL is this.


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Vyatta is a open source software which you can use as a router, firewall.Its available for download from vyatta site.You can download a version which you can use it on Vmware.
a live cd version is also available.The appliance is also available from company which they are selling at around $700.

They are saying that their performance also beats cisco's 7200 high end router.

You can also get the guide for cisco device replacement on this URL.It may give a tough competition to Cisco products in the SMB segment where budget is a constraint.

You can also get the video on installing vyatta on this URL.


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A must read for all responsible Indian citizens.

Section 49–O of the Constitution

Did you know that there is a system in our constitution, as per the
1969 act, in section "49–O" that a person can go to the polling booth,
confirm his identity, get his finger marked and convey the presiding
election officer that he doesn't want to vote anyone!

Yes such a feature is available, but obviously these seemingly
notorious leaders have never disclosed it. This is called "49–O".

Why should you go and say "I VOTE NOBODY"... because, in a ward, if a
candidate wins, say by 123 votes, and that particular ward has
received "49–O" votes more than 123, then that polling will be
canceled and will have to be re–polled. Not only that, but the
candidature of the contestants will be removed and they cannot contest
the re–polling, since people had already expressed their decision on
them. This would bring fear into parties and hence look for genuine
candidates for their parties for election. This would change the way;
of our whole political system... it is seemingly surprising why the
election commission has not revealed such a feature to the public....

Please spread this news to as many as you know...Seems to be a
wonderful weapon against corrupt parties in India... show your power,
expressing your desire not to vote for anybody, is even more powerful
than vote.And if you are a blogger then please add this article on your website so that as many as Indians can read this.


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