I am posting here the components of LMS and their features.It will be in two parts.LMS is a network management solution available from Cisco.The main protocol used by LMS is SNMP.
You can do various tasks from LMS and the users who are not very much familiar with CLI of switch and routers can do almost all of the tasks from LMS apart from monitoring.I have taken the LMS version 2.5 for the feature listing.There may be more features in LMS 3.1

The components of LMS are
Campus Manager
Internet Performance Monitor
Device Fault Manager
Resource Manager Essentials
Common Services
CiscoView

In the first part I am showing features of Common Services and Device Fault Manager

1.Common Services-It includes all the general service configuration for the LMS
-Under Server
(Security)
you can add new users, add credentials for admin user,modify certificate properties, define AAA properties, Cisco.com user account setup
-Under Server
(Reports)
you will find Log file status,Permission report,who is currently logged on to LMS,process status and audit log.
-Under Server
(Admin)
you get Process manager, Backup settings, Licensing, tool for collecting server info, selftest tool, tool for notifying users, tool for browsing for jobs, resource browser, system preferences like email id and SMTP server.


-Under Homepage
(Application registration)
you can see the applications which are registered with the version.
-Under Homepage
(Link registration)
you can add third party links like HP Opebnview which you will be able to see under Resources.
-Under Homepage
(settings)
you can add homepage server name, custom name for third party and custom name for third party tools


-Under Software Center
(Software Update)
you can update individual components of LMS
-Under Software Center
(Device Update)
you can see which devices are supported for which product
-Under Software Center
(Scheduled Device Downloads)
you can configure the credentials for downloading the updates like Cco login
-Under Software Center
(Activity log)
you will see scheduled job details and event log

-Under Device and Credentials
(Device management)
you can add, edit, delete and view the device information in the Device and Credential Repository
-Under Device and Credentials
(Auto Update server management)
you can add the credentials for local Auto update server which can be used to download the updates for LMS.
-Under Device and Credentials
(Reports)
you will be able to generate Device list report,Audit report, Excluded devices report and import status report
-Under Device and Credentials
(admin)
You can change the Device and Credential Repository mode and add, rename, or delete user-defined fields.
-Under Device and Credentials
(groups)
you can manage the different groups



2.Device Fault Manager-You can dig out the faults in the cisco devices and take proactive action based on the reports generated by DFM
-Under Alerts and Activities
(Alerts and Activities)
you can see all the alerts and activities
-Under Device Management
(Device Selector)
you can select the devices which can be added in the Device Fault Manager(DFM)
-Under Device Management
(Device Summary)
you can get the status of the devices

-Under Device Management
(Rediscover/Delete)
you can rediscover or delete the devices
-Under Device Management
(Device Details)
you can get the details of the device such as its IP address, MAC address, discovered time and date etc
-Under Device Management
(Discovery Status)
you can get the status of the devices when they got discovered
-Under Device Management
(Device Aliases)
you can see the aliases configured for any device
-Under Device Management
(SNMP Config)
you can configure SNMP parameters like SNMP timeout and number of retries


-Under Notification Services
(Notification Customization)
you can change the description of notification
-Under Notification Services
(Event Sets)
you can create up to 9 event sets and then you can apply them to a notification group
-Under Notification Services
(Notification Groups)
you can manage notification groups from this tab.You can configure events ,devices, alert status and severity,event status and severity, fields for additional user specific information.
-Under Notification Services
(SNMP Trap Notification)
here you can add the SNMP traps receiver address.LMS server will get the traps and then send it the SNMP trap server.
-Under Notification Services
(Email Notification)
you can add or edit the the properties like SMTP server and the mail address to be used whicl sending email notifications
-Under Notification Services
(Syslog Notification)
you can add or edit the IP address and hostname of the syslog server where the syslogs will be sent


-Under Fault History
(Alert Filtering)
you can filter the search by alert by alert id, device or group
-Under Fault History
(Event Filtering)
you can filter the search by event id, device, alert id, group

-Under Configuration
(Polling and Thresholds)
Polling Parameters- you can change the scheduled interval at which DFM polls devices and their ports/interfaces for data
-Under Configuration
(Polling and Thresholds)
Managing Thresholds-you can modify the values for the threshold settings that DFM polls
-Under Configuration
(Polling and Thresholds)
Setting Priorities-you can specify which polling and threshold parameters to use when a device, port, or interface belongs to multiple groups
-Under Configuration
(Polling and Thresholds)
Apply changes- you can apply changes by clicking here


-Under Configuration
(Other Configuration)
Rediscovery Schedule-you can change the time at which DFM probes the devices in its inventory, or suspend and resume device rediscovery
-Under Configuration
(Other Configuration)
Group Administration-you can create new or modify existing User Defined Groups (including Customizable Groups)
-Under Configuration
(Other Configuration)
Daily Purging Schedule-you can change the schedule for trimming the Fault History database
-Under Configuration
(Other Configuration)
Alerts and Activities Defaults-you can create views for the Alerts and Activities display
-Under Configuration
(Other Configuration)
Logging-you can increase logging levels or return to default logging levels
-Under Configuration
(Other Configuration)
SNMP Trap Forwarding-you can set a host and port number to receive pass-through traps
-Under Configuration
(Other Configuration)
SNMP Trap Receiving-you can set the port on which DFM will listen for SNMP traps (normally port 162)
-Under Configuration
(Other Configuration)
SMTP Default Server-you can add or change the default server to use for e-mail notifications

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To test the cable length and problem in the UTP cable we can use this good tool.The tool name is Time Domain Reflectometer.
To test the cable we have to give the command

switch>en
switch#test cable-diagnostics tdr interface gigabitethernet 13/37

TDR test started on interface Gi13/37

A TDR test can take a few seconds to run on an interface. Use "show cable-diagnostics tdr" to read the TDR



It will give the output as above and then to get the results we have to give the command

Switch#show cable-diagnostics tdr interface gigabitEthernet 13/37

TDR test last run on: November 19 11:55:41
Interface Speed Pair Cable length Distance to fault Channel Pair statu
--------- ----- ---- ------------------- ------------------- ------- ----------
-
Gi13/37 1000 1-2 26 +/- 6 m N/A Pair A Terminated

3-4 27 +/- 6 m N/A Pair B Terminated

5-6 27 +/- 6 m N/A Pair C Terminated

7-8 26 +/- 6 m N/A Pair D Terminated

Switch#

here in the above example interface is Gigabit 13/37 Speed is 1GBPS cable length is 26 meters.If there is any problem then in the result it shows the distance at which the fault is there(like cable cut)


You can get more info on TDR this wiki link.


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Swap file is mainly used for virtual memory by the Operating System.While installing Redhat Linux you get the option of creating a swap partition.Generally, we can keep size of swap file to 1.5 the size of actual RAM. So if your RAM is 1GB then you can keep Swap partition of 1.5 GB.

But if you have not created a swap partition while installing Linux then you can follow the steps given below to create a swap file in existing file system.

You need to use dd command to create swapfile. Next you need to use mkswap command to set up a Linux swap area on a device or in a file.

a) Login as the root user

b) Type following command to create 512MB swap file (1024 * 512MB = 524288 block size):
# dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile1 bs=1024 count=524288
If you would like to keep 1GB of swpafile then count will be 1048576
If you would like to keep 2GB of swpafile then count will be 2097152

c) Set up a Linux swap area by giving command :
# mkswap /swapfile1

d) Activate /swapfile1 swap space immediately:
# swapon /swapfile1

e) To activate /swapfile1 after Linux system reboot, add entry to /etc/fstab file. Open this file using text editor such as vi:
# vi /etc/fstab

Append following line to the fstab file :
/swapfile1 swap swap defaults 0 0

So next time Linux comes up after reboot, it enables the new swap file for you automatically.

g) How do I verify swap is activated or not?
Simply use free command:
# free -m

This will complete your configuration of making a swap file.
You can also see the usage of swap file by giving command
#top -c


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